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【币圈小测】期货与现货套利(上)——期限套利原理
大家好! 我是币圈九哥,匆匆入场,匆匆入厂……温馨提示,本文不构成任何投资建议,仅供学习分享。 本期为大家带来的策略有:期限套利、永续合约套利资金费率低,适合新手!
文章目录
一、套现原则 1.1 永续合约
永续合约是加密货币交易市场中的一种特殊期货合约。 没有有效期。 为了保持永续合约与现货价格的解耦,引入“资金费率”机制,让无交割日的永续合约与现货价格之间的价差可以由此收敛,而不会过度解耦.
1.2 资金费率
资金费率的设计是为了防止期货价格无限期地偏离现货价格过远。 当市场长线情绪偏强时,多方需要向空方支付资金费率,这样使得期货价格背离现货价格的多方就会产生持仓成本。 相反,如果做空情绪浓厚,则做空方将向做多方支付资金费率。
1.3 套利机会
资金费率不是交易者支付给交易所的手续费,而是交易双方在永续合约上做多做空时需要互相支付的持有费。 在加密货币市场的特殊机制背景下,出现了新的套利机会:
永续合约的基准利率为每八小时0.01%,根据市场情况在-0.75%至0.75%之间变动。
1.4 具体例子
以BTC为例,如果用10000USDT进行现货套利,假设当BTC为10000USDT时,可以进行如下操作:
1.5 收入放大
为了提高整体资金利用率,我们可以在合约市场中适当使用杠杆。 如果我们使用2倍杠杆,我们还可以利用上述资金进行套利。 在现货市场,我们可以购买 6666.6 USDT 的 BTC(0.666 BTC)。 合约市场做空0.666 BTC,因为使用了2倍杠杆,此时的保证金只有3333.3 USDT。 如果当前费率为0.05%,BTC价格为10,000 USDT,那么您将获得0.666 * 10,000 * 0.05% = 3.333 USDT的资金费,比没有杠杆时多33%。 在2倍杠杆的情况下期现套利btc期现套利btc,年化率提升至36.46%; 在 3 倍杠杆的情况下,年化率增加到 41.0625%。 按照以上步骤,现货和永续合约交易市场的交易可以在任何提供的套利中进行。
1.6 风险分析
期货和现货套利的原理很简单。 很多交易者也会直接进行期货和现货套利,但行情瞬息万变,人工套利会隐藏以下风险:
2.获取币种的资金费率
我们使用 CCXT 框架。 对CCXT不熟悉的可以看我之前的文章,这里不再赘述。
2.1 OKEX
导入包
import json
import operator
import os
from tqdm import tqdm
import requests
import pandas as pd
# 代理proxy
os.environ["http_proxy"] = "http://127.0.0.1:21882"
os.environ["https_proxy"] = "http://127.0.0.1:21882"
# 连接交易所
exchange_id = "okx"
exchange_class = getattr(ccxt, exchange_id)
exchange = exchange_class({
'apiKey': 'your api Key',
'secret': 'your secret',
'password': 'your password',
'enableRateLimit': True
})
coin_rate = {}
# 获取一个币种的资金费率
print(exchange.fetchFundingRate("BTC/USDT:USDT"))
# 这里没有ccxt提供的函数,我对照api手写了一个函数
# 获取币种的代码
def fetchSwapMarket():
url = f"https://www.okex.com/api/v5/market/tickers?instType=SWAP"
res = requests.get(url)
json_res = json.loads(res.content)
list_ = []
if json_res["code"] == "0":
for i in json_res["data"]:
list_.append(i["instId"])
return list_
def findMaxfee():
swap_coin = fetchSwapMarket()
print("正在寻找目标币种,请等待!")
# 总进度
total = len(swap_coin)
with tqdm(total=total) as pbar:
pbar.set_description('Processing:')
for i, coin in enumerate(swap_coin):
coin_rate[coin] = exchange.fetchFundingRate(coin)
pbar.update(1)
可以看到XCH-USDT-SWAP在接下来的时间负资金率最高
3.买卖
核心:两笔交易行情相关、方向相反、数量相等、盈亏相等
MidClass中间类,封装了交易币种的相关信息
策略.py
class MidClass():
# 初始化
def __init__(self, ThisExchange, symbol):
self.Exchange = ThisExchange
self.Symbol = symbol
market = ThisExchange.markets[self.Symbol]
self.MinLeverage = market['limits']['leverage']['min']
self.MaxLeverage = market['limits']['leverage']['max']
self.Price_Precision = market['precision']['price']
self.AmountPrecision = len(str(market['precision']['amount']).split(".")[-1])
self.PricePrecision = len(str(market['precision']['price']).split(".")[-1])
self.TakerFee = ThisExchange.markets[symbol]["taker"]
self.MakerFee = ThisExchange.markets[symbol]["maker"]
self.LimitAmount = market['limits']['amount']['min']
# 获得交易对行情信息
def GetTicker(self):
self.High = '___'
self.Low = '___'
self.Buy = '___'
self.Sell = '___'
self.Last = '___'
try:
self.Ticker = self.Exchange.fetchTicker(self.Symbol)
self.Time = self.Ticker["timestamp"]
self.datetime = self.Ticker["datetime"]
self.High = self.Ticker['high']
self.Low = self.Ticker['low']
self.Buy = self.Ticker['bid']
self.Sell = self.Ticker['ask']
self.Last = self.Ticker['last']
return True # 只要有一个成功就返回True
except:
return False # 如果全都获取不了返回False
@staticmethod
def IsSpot(Symbol):
if len(Symbol.split(':')) == 1:
return True
else:
return False
# 获得账户对于该交易对信息 只显示交易过的币种
def GetAccount(self):
self.Account = '___'
self.Balance = '___'
self.FrozenBalance = '___'
self.Stocks = '___'
self.FrozenStocks = '___'
if MidClass.IsSpot(self.Symbol):
self.SymbolStocksName = self.Symbol.split('/')[0]
self.SymbolBalanceName = self.Symbol.split('/')[1]
else:
self.SymbolStocksName = self.Symbol.split(":")[0].split("/")[0]
self.SymbolBalanceName = self.Symbol.split(":")[-1]
try:
self.Account = self.Exchange.fetchBalance()
self.Balance = self.Account[self.SymbolBalanceName]['free']
self.FrozenBalance = self.Account[self.SymbolBalanceName]['used']
self.Stocks = self.Account[self.SymbolStocksName]['free']
self.FrozenStocks = self.Account[self.SymbolStocksName]['used']
return True
except Exception as e:
print("账户没有交易过这个币种!")
return False
# 确认是否获取到账户和交易对信息
def RefreshData(self):
if not self.GetAccount():
return 'false get account'
if not self.GetTicker():
return 'false get ticker'
return 'refresh data finish!'
# 创建订单
def CreateOrder(self, OrderType, Price, Amount):
if round(Amount, self.AmountPrecision) < self.LimitAmount:
raise RuntimeError("下单数量小于最小下单量,请加大保证金,或者提高杠杆!")
if OrderType == 'buy':
# 执行买单杠杆交易
params = {
"tdMode": "isolated",
}
OrderId = self.Exchange.create_order(self.Symbol, type="limit", side="buy",
amount=round(Amount, self.AmountPrecision),
price=round(Price, self.PricePrecision), params=params)["id"]
elif OrderType == 'sell':
# 执行卖单杠杆交易
params = {
"tdMode": "isolated",
}
OrderId = self.Exchange.create_order(self.Symbol, type="limit", side="sell",
amount=round(Amount, self.AmountPrecision),
price=round(Price, self.PricePrecision), params=params)["id"]
elif OrderType == 'short':
# 执行开空合约
params = {
"tdMode": "isolated",
"posSide": "short"
}
OrderId = self.Exchange.create_order(self.Symbol, type="limit", side="sell",
amount=round(Amount, self.AmountPrecision),
price=round(Price, self.PricePrecision), params=params)["id"]
elif OrderType == 'long':
# 执行开多合约
params = {
"tdMode": "isolated",
"posSide": "long"
}
OrderId = self.Exchange.create_order(self.Symbol, type="limit", side="buy",
amount=round(Amount, self.AmountPrecision),
price=round(Price, self.PricePrecision), params=params)["id"]
else:
pass
self.GetAccount()
return OrderId
# 获取订单状态
def GetOrder(self, Idd):
self.OrderId = '___'
self.OrderPrice = '___'
self.OrderNum = '___'
self.OrderDealNum = '___'
self.OrderAvgPrice = '___'
self.OrderStatus = '___'
try:
self.Order = self.Exchange.fetchOrder(Idd, self.Symbol)
self.OrderId = self.Order['id']
self.OrderPrice = self.Order['price']
self.OrderNum = self.Order['amount']
self.OrderDealNum = self.Order['filled']
self.OrderAvgPrice = self.Order['average']
self.OrderStatus = self.Order['status']
return True
except:
return False
# 取消订单
def CancelOrder(self, Idd):
self.CancelResult = '___'
try:
self.CancelResult = self.Exchange.cancelOrder(Idd, self.Symbol)
return True
except:
return False
# 获取k线数据
def GetRecords(self, Timeframe='1m'):
self.Records = '___'
try:
self.Records = self.Exchange.fetchOHLCV(self.Symbol, Timeframe)
return True
except:
return False
# 设置杠杆mgnMode:isolated/cross
def SetLeverage(self, leverage, params=None):
if MidClass.IsSpot(self.Symbol):
if params is None:
params = {"mgnMode": "isolated"}
else:
if params is None:
params = {"mgnMode": "isolated", "posSide": "long"}
try:
if leverage <= self.MaxLeverage and leverage >= self.MinLeverage:
self.LeverageInfo = self.Exchange.set_leverage(leverage, self.Symbol, params=params)
return True
except RuntimeError as e:
print(e, "请注意杠杆倍数,不能超过交易所设定倍数!")
return False
直到.py
def ShowInfo(MyMid):
print("交易所时间:",MyMid.Time)
print("交易所时间:",MyMid.datetime)
print(MyMid.Symbol, '最新价:', MyMid.Last)
print('该币种可用额度为:', round(MyMid.Stocks, 2), MyMid.SymbolStocksName)
print('该币种冻结额度为:', round(MyMid.FrozenStocks, 2), MyMid.SymbolStocksName)
print('账户可用额度为:', round(MyMid.Balance, 2), 'USDT')
print('账户冻结额度为:', round(MyMid.FrozenBalance, 2), 'USDT')
print('该币种taker手续费', MyMid.TakerFee)
print('该币种Maker手续费', MyMid.MakerFee)
print('-'*40)
运行条目
import os
import ccxt
from MMQT.MidClass import MidClass
from MMQT.Untils import *
# 代理proxy
os.environ["http_proxy"] = "http://127.0.0.1:21882"
os.environ["https_proxy"] = "http://127.0.0.1:21882"
# 连接交易所
exchange_id = "okx"
exchange_class = getattr(ccxt, exchange_id)
exchange = exchange_class({
'apiKey': 'your apikey',
'secret': 'your secret',
'password': 'password',
'enableRateLimit': True
})
if __name__ == '__main__':
exchange.load_markets()
# 中间模块实例化
MyMid1 = MidClass(exchange, symbol="XCH/USDT:USDT")
MyMid2 = MidClass(exchange, symbol="XCH/USDT")
# # 数据更新
MyMid1.RefreshData()
MyMid2.RefreshData()
# 显示相关数据
ShowInfo(MyMid1)
ShowInfo(MyMid2)
# 设置杠杆
leverage = 5
MyMid1.SetLeverage(leverage)
MyMid2.SetLeverage(leverage)
# 设置资金
totalMoney = MyMid1.Balance * leverage
# # 开多合约
price1 = (MyMid1.Buy+MyMid1.Sell)/2
Amount = totalMoney*0.4 / (price1*MyMid1.Price_Precision)
MyMid1.CreateOrder("long", price1, Amount)
# 卖空现货
price2 = (MyMid2.Buy + MyMid2.Sell) / 2
Amount_ = totalMoney * 0.4 / MyMid2.Last
MyMid2.CreateOrder("sell", price2, Amount_)
4.总结
人在币圈,怎能不湿鞋。 最后,我想强调一下这种策略的潜在风险:
资金利率波动风险
以上代码实现了选币、一键买卖、增加杠杆的功能。 但是目前还有很多潜力模块没有开发出来,直接操作实盘是绝对不可能的,存在很大的风险和漏洞。
本文仅供学习交流,不构成任何投资建议。
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